![]() The Mao Kun map from Wubei Zhi which is based on the early 15th century maps of Zheng He showing Temasek (淡馬錫) at the top left, and Long Ya Men (龍牙門) on the right panel. The actual origin of the name Singapura however is unclear according to scholars. The prince took this as an auspicious sign and founded a settlement called Singapura, which means "Lion City" in Sanskrit. : 37 Sri Tri Buana landed on Temasek on a hunting trip, and saw a strange beast said to be a lion. The name Temasek is also given in Sejarah Melayu ( Malay Annals), which contains a tale of the founding of Temasek by a prince of Palembang, Sri Tri Buana (also known as Sang Nila Utama) in the 13th century. ![]() The Nagarakretagama, a Javanese eulogy written in 1365, referred to a settlement on the island called Tumasik (possibly meaning " Sea Town" or " Sea Port"). The name Temasek however did not appear in Chola records, but a tale involving a Raja Chulan (assumed to be Rajendra Chola) and Temasek was mentioned in the semi-historical Malay Annals. The Chola forces were said to have controlled Temasek (now Singapore) for a couple of decades. In 1025 CE, Rajendra Chola I of the Chola Empire led forces across the Indian Ocean and invaded the Srivijayan empire, attacking several places in Malaysia and Indonesia. This has been proposed to be related to the Malay name " Pulau Ujong", or "island at the end" (of the Malay Peninsula). The earliest written record of Singapore may be in a Chinese book 《吳時外國傳》 from the third century, describing the island of Pu Luo Chung ( 蒲 羅 中). The Greco-Roman astronomer Ptolemy (90–168) identified a place called Sabana at the tip of Golden Chersonese (believed to be the Malay Peninsula) in the second and third century. See also: Kingdom of Singapura A fragment of the Singapore Stone, inscribed with an Indic script, c. It now has the highest per capita gross domestic product in Asia, which is 7th in the world, and it is ranked 9th on the UN Human Development Index. Singapore became an independent republic on 9 August 1965.īy the 1990s, the country had become one of the world's most prosperous nations, with a highly developed free market economy and strong international trading links. However, social unrest, racial tensions, and political differences between Singapore's governing People's Action Party (PAP) and Malaysia's Alliance Party resulted in Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia. When the Japanese surrendered, Singapore reverted to British control, with increasing levels of self-government being granted, resulting in Singapore's merger with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963. ĭuring World War II, Singapore was invaded and occupied by the Japanese Empire from 1942 to 1945. ![]() Important reasons for the rise of Singapore were its nodal position at the tip of the Malay Peninsula flanked by the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the presence of a natural sheltered harbour, as well as its status as a free port. ![]() In 1819, British statesman Stamford Raffles negotiated a treaty whereby Johor would allow the British to locate a trading port on the island, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Crown colony of Singapore in 1867. Singapore then came under the Malacca Sultanate and subsequently the Johor Sultanate. The last ruler of the Kingdom of Singapura, Parameswara, was expelled by the Majapahit or the Siamese before he founded Malacca. The history of the modern state of Singapore dates back to its founding in the early 19th century however, evidence suggests that a significant trading settlement existed on the island in the 14th century.
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